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                  <text>The Nationalist Party (国民党) </text>
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                  <text>The Nationalist Party came to power after the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty which was supported by their founder, Sun Yet-Sen. After ceding the presidency to Yuan Shikai who boasted a large army, the party struggled to reunite China during the warlord era but would do so under Sun's successor Chiang Kai-Shek. Chiang purged the party of communists but re-entered into a united front with them in order to combat the Japanese menace. During the Sino-Japanese War the Nationalists suffered heavy losses but the tide turned once the US entered the conflict. The party lost the subsequent Civil War to the Communists and retreated to the island of Taiwan. </text>
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                <text>Source 7: Anon (1960) Chiang Kai-Shek meets Dwight Eisenhower (US President) in Taipei</text>
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                <text>Five years after the signing of the Sino-American mutual defence treaty, US president Eisenhower met with Chiang Kai-Shek in Taiwan. Eisenhower even threatened nuclear attack on the Chinese mainland if they attempted to invade Taiwan. Eisenhower is well regarded by the Taiwanese who in 2015 pledged $1 million dollars to erect a statue of him. </text>
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                <text>Taipei Times</text>
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                <text>http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/photo/2013/09/16/2008092097</text>
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                  <text>The Great Leap Forward (大跃进)</text>
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                  <text>The ‘Great Leap Forward’ is a term used to denote Mao’s Second Five Year Plan which was anticipated to run from 1958-1963.  The main impetus behind the Great Leap was to ‘catch-up’ with the industrialised economies of the West and transform China into a collectivised society based on socialist principles. The Great Leap equally emerged from Mao’s Anti-Rightist campaign as a re-assertion of his authority in the wake of the Hundred Flowers Movement which allowed criticism of the regime. Whilst the first five-year plan certainly succeeded in forging economic growth, the subsequent great leap was overambitious, triggering the greatest famine in human history. The plan was abandoned in 1961.</text>
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                  <text>Lauren Walden</text>
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                  <text>University of Leicester </text>
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                <text>Source 1: Anon (1958) A Great Leap Commune Canteen Celebrates National Day </text>
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                <text>Communal canteens were rolled out as a way to control food supplies, disrupt the family unit, increase surveillance and forge a collectivist mentality. All food supplies went to canteens and individuals were not allowed to either store their own food or cook for themselves. Due to mismanagement of supplies, the communal canteens were a contributing factor to the great famine. </text>
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                <text>Everyday Life in Maoist China </text>
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                <text>https://everydaylifeinmaoistchina.org/2017/09/04/a-great-leap-commune-canteen-celebrates-national-day-in-1958/</text>
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                  <text>The ‘Great Leap Forward’ is a term used to denote Mao’s Second Five Year Plan which was anticipated to run from 1958-1963.  The main impetus behind the Great Leap was to ‘catch-up’ with the industrialised economies of the West and transform China into a collectivised society based on socialist principles. The Great Leap equally emerged from Mao’s Anti-Rightist campaign as a re-assertion of his authority in the wake of the Hundred Flowers Movement which allowed criticism of the regime. Whilst the first five-year plan certainly succeeded in forging economic growth, the subsequent great leap was overambitious, triggering the greatest famine in human history. The plan was abandoned in 1961.</text>
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                <text>Source 3: Anon (1958) Everyone a solider, protect the mother country (Propaganda Poster)</text>
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                <text>People's militia </text>
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                <text>This poster was used to disseminate Mao's campaign to establish people's militias. Everyone able bodied was encouraged to undergo military training. Whilst the practice was voluntary, it was estimated that by the end of 1958 over 200,000,000 people were on the militia rolls. </text>
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                <text>Baidu</text>
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                <text>https://zhidao.baidu.com/question/209895189.html </text>
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                  <text>The Cultural Revolution (文化大革命）</text>
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                  <text>The Cultural Revolution was borne out of a power struggle between Mao and reformers in the Chinese Communist Party who allowed for elements of private business to boost the Chinese economy in the wake of the Great Leap Forward famine. The Cultural Revolution required that Chinese have complete devotion to Mao with churches, Buddhist temples and many antiquities being destroyed. </text>
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                <text>Source 3 Anon (1968) Enthusiastically develop the production of reed to safeguard the supply of raw materials needed to publish the writings of Chairman Mao (Propaganda Poster)</text>
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                <text>This propaganda poster testifies to how the cult of Mao was bolstered by the mass publication of his Little Red Book, which incited farmers to boost harvesting of reed in order for more copies of the book to be produced. </text>
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                <text>This photograph depicts Jiang Qing during the notorious Gang of Four Trial. Jiang was the only member of the Gang to defend herself, stating she had merely carried out Mao Zedong's orders. Jiang was initially sentenced to death but this was the commuted to life imprisonment. On release due to medical issues, Jiang committed suicide in a Beijing hospital leaving a note which stated the Chinese revolution had been derailed by revisionists. </text>
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                <text>Source 2: Speaking Bitterness (诉苦 suku) (Photograph)</text>
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                <text>Speaking Bitterness (诉苦 suku) refers to the public trial of landlords by ‘people’s courts’ erected in villages during the land reform era. Peasants accused the landlords of wrongdoing and the landlords were asked to confess to their crimes. The trials were often violent and in certain circumstances even ended in on the spot executions. </text>
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                <text>Frank Dikotter (2019) ‘The People’s Republic of China was Born in Chains’  https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/10/01/the-peoples-republic-of-china-was-born-in-chains/ &#13;
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                <text>This photograph shows the official script of the ‘Agrarian Reform Law of the People’s Republic of China’ A party cadre appears to be reading the contents of the law to jovial peasants. Hence, this picture also alludes to the low literacy rate among peasants at the time, something the Communists were attempting to improve. By 1958, People's Communes incorporated schools into their infrastructure. </text>
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                  <text>Collectivisation of Agriculture (农业集体化) 1953-1958</text>
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              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                  <text>After land redistribution to peasants was completed, the Chinese Government began a process moving towards the collective ownership and management of agricultural resources. This resulted in the emergence of people's communes where all aspects of life, from canteens to schools, were managed by committees  in an attempt to both increase production and further spread communist ideology. </text>
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            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="194">
                  <text>Lauren Walden</text>
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            <element elementId="45">
              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="195">
                  <text>University of Leicester</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>Source 3: Anon (1953) In 1953, farmers in the Shensanshan Mutual Aid Group in Jiaxing County, Zhejiang Province were drying up their grain and preparing to sell it to the government</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="207">
                <text>collectivisation</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
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                <text>This photograph depicts peasants preparing surplus grain to be sold to the government. The peasants here appear to be doing so in an orderly manner which suggests this photo is an official portrayal of unified purchase and sale. Many peasants indeed rebelled against this policy due to the meagre supplies they had left for themselves. </text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="209">
                <text>Anon.</text>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="210">
                <text>http://history.mofcom.gov.cn/?newchina=b统购统销制度的建立-2  </text>
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